Introduction to ANILCA§301. Definitions.
§302. Establishment of new refuges.
§303. Additions to existing refuges.
§304. Administration of refuges.
§305. Prior authorities.
§306. Special study.
§301. For purposes of this title--
(1) The term "existing", if used in referring to any unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System in the State, means the unit as it existed on the day before the date of enactment of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act except as specifically modified by §12(b)(1) of Public Law 94-204 and §1432(c) of this Act.
(2) The term "refuge" means--
(A) any unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System established by §302 or §303 of this Act;
(B) any existing unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System in Alaska not included within any unit referred to in subparagraph (A);
(C) any unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System established in Alaska after the date of the enactment of this Act; or
(D) any addition to any unit described in subparagraphs (A), (B), or (C) above.
ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW REFUGES
§302. The following are established as units of the National Wildlife Refuge System:
(1) ALASKA PENINSULA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately three million five hundred thousand acres of public lands as generally depicted on the map entitled "Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1979 and shall include the lands on the Alaska Peninsula transferred to and made part of the refuge pursuant to §1427 of this Act.
(B) The purposes for which the Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, brown bears, the Alaska Peninsula caribou herd, moose, sea otters and other marine mammals, shorebirds and other migratory birds, raptors, including bald eagles and peregrine falcons and salmonoids and other fish;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) above, the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(2) BECHAROF NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Becharof National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately one million two hundred thousand acres of public lands generally depicted on the map entitled "Becharof National Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, brown bears, salmon, migratory birds, the Alaskan Peninsula caribou herd and marine birds and mammals;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(3) INNOKO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Innoko National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately three million eight hundred and fifty thousand acres of public lands generally depicted on the map entitled "Innoko National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1978.
(B) The purposes for which the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to peregrine falcons, other migratory birds, black bear, moose, furbearers, and other mammals and salmon;
(ii) to fulfill international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(4) KANUTI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately one million four hundred and thirty thousand acres of public lands generally depicted on the map entitled "Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, white fronted geese and other waterfowl and migratory birds, moose, caribou (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of the Western Arctic caribou herd), and furbearers;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(5) KOYUKUK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately three million five hundred and fifty thousand acres of public lands generally depicted on the map entitled "Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve the fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, waterfowl and other migratory birds, moose, caribou (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of the Western Arctic caribou herd), furbearers, and salmon;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(6) NOWITNA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately one million five hundred and sixty thousand acres of public lands generally depicted on a map entitled "Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, dated July 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, trumpeter swans, white-fronted geese, canvasbacks and other waterfowl and migratory birds, moose, caribou, martens wolverines an furbearers, salmon, sheefish, and northern pike;
(ii) to fulfill international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(7) SELAWIK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Selawik National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately two million one hundred and fifty thousand acres of public land generally depicted on the map entitled "Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, dated July 1980. No lands conveyed to any Native Corporation shall be considered to be within the boundaries of the refuge; except that if any such corporation desires to convey any such lands, the Secretary may acquire such lands with the consent of the owner and any such acquired lands shall become public lands of the refuge.
(B) The purposes for which the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve the fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including but not limited to, the Western Arctic caribou herd (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of these caribou), waterfowl, shorebirds and other migratory birds and salmon and sheefish;
(ii) to fulfill international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(C) The Secretary shall administer the refuge in such a manner as will permit reindeer grazing uses, including the construction and maintenance of necessary facilities and equipment within the areas, which on January 1, 1976, were subject to reindeer grazing permits.
(8) TETLIN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the approximately seven hundred thousand acres of public land as generally depicted on a map entitled "Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge"dated July 1980. The northern boundary of the refuge shall be a line parallel to, and three hundred feet south, of the centerline of the Alaska Highway.
(B) The purposes for which the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, waterfowl, raptors and other migratory birds, furbearers, moose caribou (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of the Chisana caribou herd), salmon and Dolly Varden;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued; subsistence uses by local residents;
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (1)J water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge; and
(v) to provide, in a manner consistent with subparagraphs (i) and (ii), opportunities for interpretation and environmental education, particularly in conjunction with any adjacent State visitor facilities.
(9) YUKON FLATS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of approximately eight million six hundred and thirty thousand acres of public lands as generally depicted on the map entitled "Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge", dated July 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, canvasbacks and other migratory birds, Dall sheep, bears, moose, wolves, wolverines and other furbearers, caribou (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of the Porcupine and Fortymile caribou herds) and salmon;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
ADDITIONS TO EXISTING REFUGES
§303. The following areas, consisting of existing refuges and the additions made thereto, are established or redesignated as unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System:
(1) ALASKA MARITIME NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of eleven existing refuges, including all lands (including submerged lands) waters and interests therein which were a part of such refuges and are hereby redesignated as subunits of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, approximately four hundred and sixty thousand acres of additional public lands on islands, islets, rocks reefs, spires and designated capes and headlands in the coastal areas and adjacent seas of Alaska, and an undetermined quantity of submerged lands, if any, retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood around Kodiak and Afognak Islands, as generally depicted on the map entitled "Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1979, including the--
(i) Chukchi Sea Unit including Cape Lisburne, Cape Thompson, the existing Chamisso National Wildlife Refuge and all other public lands on islands, islets, rocks reefs spires, and designated capes and headlands in the Chukchi Sea, but excluding such other offshore public lands within the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. That portion of the public land.~ on Cape Lisburne shall be named and appropriately identified as the "Ann Stevens-Cape Lisburne" subunit of the Chukchi Sea Unit;
(ii) Bering Sea Unit including the existing Bering Sea and Pribilof (Walrus and Otter Islands) National Wildlife Refuges, Hagemeister Island, Fairway Rock, Sledge Island Bluff Unit, Besboro Island, Punuk Islands, Egg Island, King Island, and all other public lands on islands, islets, rocks, reefs, spires and designated capes and headlands in the Bering Sea;
(iii) Aleutian Islands Unit including the existing Aleutian Islands and Bogoslof National Wildlife Refuges, and all other public lands in the Aleutian Islands;
(iv) Alaska Peninsula Unit including the existing Simeonof and Semidi National Wildlife Refuges, the Shumagin Islands, Sutwik Island, the islands and headlands of Puale Bay, and all other public lands on islands, islets, rocks reefs, spires and designated capes and headlands south of the Alaska Peninsula from Katmai National Park to False Pass including such offshore lands incorporated in this unit under §1427; and
(v) Gulf of Alaska Unit including the existing Forrester Island, Hazy Islands, Saint Lazaria and Tuxedni National Wildlife Refuges, the Barren Islands, Latax Rocks, Harbor Island, Pye and Chiswell Islands, Ragged, Natoa, Chat, Chevel, Granite and Middleton Islands, the Trinity Islands, all named and unnamed islands, islets, rocks, reefs, spires, and whatever submerged lands, if any, were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood surrounding Kodiak and Afognak Islands and all other such public lands on islands, islets, rocks, reefs, spires and designated capes and headlands within the Gulf of Alaska, but excluding such lands within existing units of the National Park System Nuka Island and lands within the National Forest System except as provided in §1427 of this Act.
(B) The purposes for which the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to marine mammals, marine birds and other migratory birds, the marine resources upon which they rely, bears, caribou and other mammals;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of habitats; United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents;
(iv) to provide, in a manner consistent with subparagraphs (i) and (ii), a program of national and international scientific research on marine resources; and
(v) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(C) Any lands acquired pursuant to §1417 of this Act shall be included as public lands of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.
(2) ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the existing Arctic National Wildlife Range including lands, waters, interests, and whatever submerged lands, if any, were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood and an addition of approximately nine million one hundred and sixty thousand acres of public lands, as generally depicted on a map entitled "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge", dated August 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, the Porcupine caribou herd (including participation in coordinated ecological studies and management of this herd and the Western Arctic caribou herd), polar bears, grizzly bears muskox, Dall sheep, wolves, wolverines, snow geese, peregrine falcons and other migratory birds and Arctic char and grayling;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(3) IZEMBEK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The existing Izembek National Wildlife Range including the lands, waters and interests of that unit which shall be redesignated as the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge.
(B) The purposes for which the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge is`established`and`shall`be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, waterfowl, shorebirds and other migratory birds, brown bears and salmonoids;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(4) KENAI NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Kenai National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the existing Kenai National Moose Range, including lands, waters, interests, and whatever submerged lands, if any, were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood, which shall be redesignated as the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, and an addition of approximately two hundred and forty thousand acres of public lands as generally depicted on the map entitled "Kenai National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1978, excluding lands described in P.L.O. 3953, March 21, 1966, and P.L.O. 4056, July 22, 1966 withdrawing lands for the Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project.
(B) The purposes for which the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed, include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, moose bears, mountain goats, Dall sheep, wolves and other furbearers, salmonoids and other fish, waterfowl and other migratory and nonmigratory birds;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge;
(iv) to provide in a manner consistent with subparagraphs (i) and (ii), opportunities for scientific research, interpretation, environmental education, and land management training; and
(v) to provide, in a manner compatible with these purposes, opportunities for fish and wildlife-oriented recreation.
(5) KODIAK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the existing Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, including lands, waters, interests, and whatever submerged lands, if any, were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood, which is redesignated as the Kodiak Island Unit of the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, and the addition of all public lands on Afognak and Ban Islands of approximately fifty thousand acres as generally depicted on the map entitled "Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge", dated October 1978. The described public lands on Afognak Island are those incorporated in this refuge from §1427 of this Act.
(B) The purposes for which the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, Kodiak brown bears, salmonoids, sea otters, sea lions and other marine mammals and migratory birds;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(6) TOGIAK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Togiak National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the existing Cape Newenham National Wildlife Refuge, including lands, waters and interests therein, which shall be redesignated as a unit of the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, and an addition of approximately three million eight hundred and forty thousand acres of public lands, as generally depicted on the map entitled "Togiak National Wildlife Refuge", dated April 1980.
(B) The purposes for which the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, salmonoids, marine birds and mammals, migratory birds and large mammals (including their restoration to historic levels);
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(7) YUKON DELTA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE.--
(A) The Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge shall consist of the existing Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range, Hazen Bay National Wildlife Refuge, and Nunivak National Wildlife Refuge including lands, waters, interests, and whatever submerged islands, if any, were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood which shall be redesignated as units of the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge and the addition of approximately thirteen million four hundred thousand acres of public lands, as generally depicted on the map entitled "Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge", dated April l980.
(B) The purposes for which the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge is established and shall be managed include--
(i) to conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity including, but not limited to, shorebirds, seabirds, whistling swans, emperor, white-fronted and Canada geese, black brant and other migratory birds, salmon, muskox, and marine mammals;
(ii) to fulfill the international treaty obligations of the United States with respect to fish and wildlife and their habitats;
(iii) to provide, in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii), the opportunity for continued subsistence uses by local residents; and
(iv) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable and in a manner consistent with the purposes set forth in paragraph (i), water quality and necessary water quantity within the refuge.
(C) Subject to such reasonable regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, reindeer grazing, including necessary facilities and equipment, shall be permitted within areas where such use is, and in a manner which is, compatible with the purposes of this refuge.
(D) Subject to reasonable regulation, the Secretary shall administer the refuge so as to not impede the passage of navigation and access by boat on the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers.
ADMINISTRATION OF REFUGES
§304. (a) Each refuge shall be administered by the Secretary, subject to valid existing rights, in accordance with the laws governing the administration of units of the National Wildlife Refuge System, and this act.
(b) In applying §4(d) of the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd) with respect to each refuge, the Secretary may not permit any use, or grant easements for any purpose described in such §4(d) unless such use (including but not limited to any oil and gas leasing permitted under paragraph (2)) or purpose is compatible with the purposes of the refuge. The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations and impose such terms and conditions as may be necessary and appropriate to ensure that activities carried out under any use or easement granted under any authority are so compatible.
(c) All public lands (including whatever submerged lands, if any, beneath navigable waters of the United States (as that term is defined in section 1301(a) of title 43, United States Code) were retained in Federal ownership at the time of statehood) in each National Wildlife Refuge and any other National Wildlife Refuge System unit in Alaska are hereby withdrawn, subject to valid existing rights, from future selections by the State of Alaska and Native Corporations, from all forms of appropriation or disposal under the public land laws, including location, entry and patent under the mining laws but not from operation of mineral leasing laws.
(d) The Secretary shall permit within units of the National Wildlife Refuge System designated, established, or enlarged by this Act, the exercise of valid commercial fishing rights or privileges obtained pursuant to existing law and the use of Federal lands, subject to reasonable regulation, for campsites, cabins, motorized vehicles, and aircraft landings directly incident to the exercise of such rights or privileges: Provided, That nothing in this section shall require the Secretary to permit the exercise of rights or privileges or uses of the Federal lands directly incident to such exercise, which he determines, after conducting a public hearing in the affected locality, to be inconsistent with the purposes of a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System as described in this section and to be a significant expansion of commercial fishing activities within such unit beyond the level of such activities during 1979.
(e) Where compatible with the purposes of the refuge unit, the Secretary may permit, subject to reasonable regulations and in accord with sound fisheries management principles, scientifically acceptable means of maintaining, enhancing, and rehabilitating fish stock.
(f)(1) The Secretary is authorized to enter into cooperative management agreements with any Native Corporation, the State, any political subdivision of the State, or any other person owning or occupying land which is located within, or adjacent or near to, any national wildlife refuge. Each cooperative management agreement (hereinafter in this section referred to as an "agreement") shall provide that the land subject to the agreement shall be managed by the owner or occupant in a manner compatible with the major purposes of the refuge to which such land pertains including the opportunity for continuation of subsistence uses by local rural residents.
(2) Each agreement shall--
(A) set forth such uses of the land subject to the agreement which are compatible with the management goals set forth in subsection (f)(1);
(B) permit the Secretary reasonable access to such land for purposes relating to the administration of the refuge and to carry out the obligations of the Secretary under the agreement;
(C) permit reasonable access to such land by officers of the State for purposes of conserving fish and wildlife;
(D) set forth those services or other consideration which the Secretary agrees to provide the owner or occupant in return for the owner or occupant entering into the agreement, which services may include technical and other assistance with respect to fire control, trespass control, law enforcement, resource and land use planning, the conserving of fish and wildlife and the protection, maintenance and enhancement of any special values of the land subject to the agreement;
(E) set forth such additional terms and conditions as the Secretary and the owner or occupant may agree to as being necessary and appropriate to carry out the management goals as set forth in subsection (f)(1); and
(F) specify the effective period of the agreement.
(g)(1) The Secretary shall prepare, and from time to time, revise, a comprehensive conservation plan (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the "plan") for each refuge.
(2) Before developing a plan for each refuge, the Secretary shall identify and describe--
(A) the populations and habitats of the fish and wildlife resources of the refuge;
(B) the special values of the refuge, as well as any other archeological, cultural, ecological, geological, historical, paleontological, scenic, or wilderness value of the refuge;
(C) areas within the refuge that are suitable for use as administrative sites or visitor facilities, or for visitor services, as provided for in §1305 and §1306 of this Act;
(D) present and potential requirements for access with respect to the refuge, as provided for in Title XI; and
(E) significant problems which may adversely affect the populations and habitats of fish and wildlife identified and described under subparagraph (A).
(3) Each plan shall--
(A) be based upon the identifications and the descriptions required to be made under paragraph (2)--
(i) designate areas within the refuge according to their respective resources and values;
(ii) specify the programs for conserving fish and wildlife and the programs relating to maintaining the values referred to in paragraph (2)(B), proposed to be implemented within each such area; and
(iii) specify the uses within each such area which may be compatible with the major purposes of the refuge; and
(B) set forth those opportunities which will be provided within the refuge for fish and wildlife-oriented recreation, ecological research, environmental education and interpretation of refuge resources and values, if such recreation, research, education, and interpretation is compatible with the purposes of the refuge.
(4) In preparing each plan and revisions thereto, the Secretary shall consult with the appropriate State agencies and Native Corporations, and shall hold public hearings in such locations in the State as may be appropriate to insure that residents of local villages and political subdivisions of the State which will be primarily affected by the administration of the refuge concerned have opportunity to present their views with respect to the plan or revisions.
(5) Before adopting a plan for any refuge, the Secretary shall issue in public notice of the proposed plan in the Federal Register, make copies of the plan available at each regional office of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and provide opportunity for public views and comment on the plan.
(6) With respect to refuges established, redesigned, or expanded by §302 or 303 the Secretary shall prepare plans for--
(A) not less than five refuges within three years after the date of the enactment of this Act;
(B) not less than ten refuges within five years after such date;
(C) all refuges within seven years after such date. With respect to any refuge established in the State after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall prepare a plan for the refuge within two years after the date of its establishment; and
(D) in the case of any refuge established, redesignated, or expanded by this title with respect to which a wilderness review is required under this Act, at the same time the President submits his recommendation concerning such unit under such section to the Congress, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress the conservation plan for that unit.
PRIOR AUTHORITIES
§305. All proclamations, Executive orders, public land orders and other administrative actions in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act with respect to units of the National Wildlife Refuge System in the State shall remain in force and effect except to the extent that they are inconsistent with this Act or the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act and, in any such case, the provisions of such Acts shall prevail. All land within the boundaries described or depicted in any such action shall, if the unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System concerned is incorporated within any refuge established or redesignated by or described in §302 or 303, be included within such refuge. All funds available on such date of enactment for administration of any refuge shall remain available for the administration of such refuge.
SPECIAL STUDY
§306. (a) The Congress finds that the barren-ground caribou are a migratory species deserving of careful study and special protection, and that the Western Arctic and the Porcupine-herds of such caribou are of national and international significance.
(b) The Secretary of the Interior shall conduct, and the Governor of Alaska is urged to cooperate with the Secretary in conducting, an ecological study of the barren-ground caribou herds north of the Yukon River and the herds that have been known to migrate between the United States and Canada, including, but not limited to, a determination of the seasonal migration patterns, reproduction and mortality rates, composition and age structure, behavioral characteristics, habitats (including but not limited to calving, feeding, summering and wintering areas, and key migration routes) that are critical to their natural stability and productivity and the effects on the herds of development by man, predation, and disease. In conducting this study the Secretary shall review the experience of other Arctic circumpolar countries with caribou and is authorized to enter into such contracts as he deems necessary to carry out portions or all of this study.
Introduction to ANILCA
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